The IP address of this virtual routing platform is Each Virtual Chassis configuration operates as a single switch, which is running VRRP, and together they make up a virtual routing platform. If the primary routing platform fails, the switch configured with the higher priority becomes the primary virtual routing platform and provides uninterrupted service for the LAN hosts. When Switch A recovers, it becomes the primary virtual routing platform again.
Help us improve your experience. Let us know what you think. Do you have time for a two-minute survey? Maybe Later. Note: To minimize network traffic, VRRP is designed in such a way that only the device that is acting as the primary sends out VRRP advertisements at any given point in time. Note: Do not confuse the VRRP primary and backup routing platforms with the primary and backup member switches of a Virtual Chassis configuration.
However, it is appreciated that the present invention is applicable in the same manner with many other data communication protocols, e. The method is set forth in flow charts describing the process from the perspective of a node, beginning at , and from the perspective of the next hop IPX router, beginning at In the internet depicted in FIG.
As is well known in the art, when a source node sends a datagram to a destination node, the Network-layer destination address is that of the destination node.
If, however, the Network layer destination address indicates that the node is on a different network and therefore, reachable only by a Network layer router , then the MAC layer destination address is not that of the node, but rather that of the next hop router. Initially, e. Both IPX and IP have well known mechanisms for resolving Network layer addresses to MAC addresses, and invoke such mechanisms, either upon boot up, or when transmitting a first datagram to a destination node in another network.
Thus, at step , node , for example, waits until it has an IPX datagram to transmit to another node in a different IPX network before it checks, e. Recall from the above discussion that router is a multiprotocol router, providing routing functionality for multiple protocols, e.
Moreover, the router, in conjunction with router , has VRRP enabled to provide dynamic fail-over capabilities for IP in the event the router becomes unavailable to route IP traffic. If router has VRRP enabled, it further determines at step whether it is the master virtual router for IP traffic.
In any case, node caches the MAC address received from router , for example, in a RIP table or like data structure. The packet is then transmitted at step to the next hop IPX router. If the cache entry times out or expires, the process is repeated.
Importantly, if router becomes unavailable to route IP traffic, VRRP transitions between routers and so that router becomes the new master virtual router and router becomes the new backup virtual router for IP traffic. In FIG. Router , in conjunction with router , is configured to enable VRRP to provide dynamic fail-over capabilities for IP in the event the router becomes unavailable to route IP traffic. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, router first determines at step whether VRRP is enabled.
Router 10 would be in backup state and so the IGMP interface on that router would be disabled. When router becomes unavailable, the IGMP interface on router is disabled. Embodiments of the invention may be represented as a software product stored on a machine-readable medium also referred to as a computer-readable medium or a processor-readable medium.
The machine-readable medium may be any type of magnetic, optical, or electrical storage medium including a diskette, CD-ROM, memory device volatile or non-volatile , or similar storage mechanism. The machine-readable medium may contain various sets of instructions, code sequences, configuration information, or other data.
For example, the procedures described above for synchronizing network address translation tables can be stored on the machine-readable medium.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other instructions and operations necessary to implement the described invention may also be stored on the machine-readable medium. What is claimed is: 1. In a network providing for a statically configured next hop router for a first protocol, a method for changing a default next hop router for a second protocol, comprising:. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first protocol is an Internet Protocol IP.
Interruption of VRRP heartbeat traffic between network nodes, typically due to a network interface or physical network infrastructure failure, triggers a failover. Restarting the layer-3 agent, or failure of it, does not trigger a failover providing keepalived continues to operate. Consider the following attributes of this high-availability mechanism to determine practicality in your environment:. For production deployments, we recommend at least three network nodes with sufficient resources to handle network traffic for the entire environment if one network node fails.
Also, the remaining two nodes can continue to provide redundancy. You can keep the DHCP and metadata agents on each compute node or move them to the network nodes. The following figure shows components and connectivity for one self-service network and one untagged flat network. The master router resides on network node 1. In this particular case, the instance resides on the same compute node as the DHCP agent for the network. Use the following example configuration as a template to add support for high-availability using VRRP to an existing operational environment that supports self-service networks.
In the neutron. Create the OVS provider bridge br-provider :. Add the provider network interface as a port on the OVS provider bridge br-provider :. For example, eth1. If a device fails, another device takes over. VRRP ensures continuous and reliable network communication.
Before configuring basic VRRP functions, configure network layer attributes for interfaces to ensure network connectivity. The master router transmits data traffic. You can create multiple VRRP groups to load-balance data traffic.
Multi-gateway load balancing: Multiple VRRP groups with virtual IP addresses are created and specified as gateways for different users to implement load balancing. The backup groups can load-balance service traffic and back up each other. A single virtual IP address serves a separate user group, in which users have the same reliability requirements. This setting helps prevent the default gateway addresses from varying according to changes in VRRP device locations.
On actual networks, it is possible that there are a large number of routes generated by the virtual IP addresses in a VRRP group; if all of the routes are imported and advertised to the neighboring devices by OSPF, IS-IS and RIP, it will bring a heavy load to some devices on the networks and affect the network performance. The master device's priority must be higher than a backup device's priority.
Using the default priority on a backup device is recommended. If devices have the same VRRP priority, the device that enters the Master state earlier than others is the master device. Other devices are backup devices and stop preempting the Master state. The same authentication mode and key must be configured on the two devices in a unicast VRRP group. The unicast VRRP group is configured to track an interface monitoring group.
The unicast VRRP group is configured to track a route monitoring group. After the master device or network communication recovers, a new master device is selected. If a network flaps, service packets are adversely affected. Table describes VRRP stability functions. Heavy network traffic or timer setting differences between devices may cause a backup device to incorrectly preempt the Master state. To prevent this issue, set a large value for the interval at which VRRP Advertisement packets are sent by the master device.
To prevent this issue, set a recovery delay. The recovery delay helps prevent VRRP status flapping caused by frequent interface status changes. You can run the vrrp vrid virtual-router-id preempt-mode disable command to configure the non-preemption mode for devices in a VRRP group. When a VRRP group works in non-preemption mode, another backup device cannot preempt the Master state so long as the master device is working properly. A preemption delay is a period of time during which a backup device waits to preempt the Master state.
When an IP address owner recovers from a fault, it immediately preempts the Master state.
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