Airline restrictions on flying The airline you plan to fly with needs to make sure it is medically safe for you to fly, so you might need to tell them about any health condition you have. Airlines might not let you travel with them: if they are concerned that you have a medical condition that might get worse during a flight if you have an illness that could infect other passengers Restrictions and rules can vary between airlines, so if you are in any doubt, you should seek advice from the medical department of the airline.
Travel by air is not normally advised in the following cases this list is not exhaustive : infants less than 48 hours old longer after premature births women after the 36th week of pregnancy or 32nd week for multiple pregnancy if you suffer from or have had: angina or chest pain at rest an infectious disease e. Please see the Travelling with Medicines advice page for further details. If you have been fitted with any metal devices such as an artificial joint, a pacemaker or internal automatic defibrillator, then you should: carry a medical alert letter from your doctor alert the security staff that you have a medical device fitted before passing through any screening equipment Health considerations when flying High Altitude High altitude is generally considered to be 2, metres feet and above.
For further information on the effects of altitude, see the Altitude and Travel advice page. Using oxygen whilst flying If you have a lung or heart cardiac condition, your symptoms might become worse during or after a flight, particularly if you become dehydrated or have over exerted yourself. You may need oxygen during the flight, even if you do not usually need it: In advance of your flight you must arrange with the airline the use of oxygen and any assistance you need at the airport.
If you use your own home oxygen, you must still contact the airline in advance to discuss if you are able to use it on the flight. You will need to contact your GP or specialist as they may need to provide medical information to the airline.
Pregnancy If you are healthy and your pregnancy has been straightforward, then air travel is generally considered safe. You should get advice from your midwife or obstetrician before booking any flights. Airlines request a medical certificate from pregnant travellers if travelling after 28 weeks of pregnancy: most airlines won't allow air travel after 36 weeks for a single pregnancy, and 32 weeks for multiple pregnancies the medical certificate should detail your estimated delivery date and confirm that your pregnancy is uncomplicated and progressing normally You must ensure you have travel insurance which covers both yourself and your unborn baby in the event you need to give birth unexpectedly during your trip.
See the Advice for Pregnant Travellers page for more details. Flying with a disability Navigating an airport and flying can at times be stressful, cause anxiety and be physically exhausting. It is important that you make the airline aware of any special requirements you may need during the flight as soon as possible.
You should contact your airline well in advance of travel to check what assistance might be available to you for: your journey through your departure airport boarding the aircraft and during the flight disembarking the aircraft transferring between flights travelling through your destination airport If you use an electric mobility aid such as an electric scooter or wheelchair, you will need to provide your airline with details of your equipment such as make, model, size or weight well in advance of your flight to enable the airline to check they can safely load and stow your equipment and undertake a fire risk of electrical equipment.
If you use a wheelchair and wish to remain in your own chair to the aircraft door rather than transfer to an airline wheelchair at check-in, you should inform your airline of your particular needs as soon as you can. Infectious Diseases To reduce the potential risk of passing on infections to others on board an aircraft, you should postpone travel if you are actively unwell, especially if you have a fever, until you have fully recovered.
If you have recently recovered from an infectious disease, but are still showing physical signs of being unwell, for example crusted spots following chicken pox, then you should carry a letter from a GP confirming that you are no longer infectious. Potential in-flight health problems Dehydration The circulating air inside aircraft cabins is very dry and can affect your skin, lips, nose and eyes.
Discomfort can be reduced by using: skin moisturisers saline nasal sprays lip balms. See the Deep Vein Thrombosis advice page for further information and advice on reducing your risk of DVT during travel. Facebook Twitter Email. CNN — Sitting in the terminal building waiting to be called for our flight is a regular occurrence for most of us -- but what's really going on out there on the ramp while we're inside staring at our phones?
The jet that will carry you to your destination has likely just arrived from somewhere else. When it lands, it'll undergo a turnaround, changing from an arriving to a departing flight. There are vehicles and people on the ramp, ready to get your flight back in the air quickly -- after all, a plane doesn't make money sitting on the ground. Here are the 10 steps from arrival to take-off:. Parking the plane. As soon as a plane lands and clears the active runway, the pilots receive taxi instructions from ground controllers.
Large airports can have complex and confusing taxiway layouts, while some airports simply have a runway and a ramp area. Approaching the terminal, the pilots look for the flight's assigned gate and watch for the ramp team leader to start waving illuminated, bright orange batons.
There could be a lead-in lighting system to help the pilots line up at the gate, or they might just follow the instructions from the ramp lead. As the plane slows to a stop, the target for the nose wheel is a painted line on the ramp, matching the type of aircraft. That'll put the plane in the right spot for the passenger boarding bridge. Hooking up the plane. The plane's engines provide thrust and electrical power while in flight, but all passenger planes have a small jet engine which generates electricity when the plane is parked -- an Auxiliary Power Unit, or APU.
Except apparently it does sometimes happen -- and flight attendant Louise Vadeboncoeur has the video to prove it. Vadeboncoeur, a flight attendant with Canadian carrier WestJet, recorded timelapse footage of passengers disembarking an internal domestic flight in Canada.
They're oil sands workers, traveling from Fort McMurray in Alberta to Calgary International Airport -- and they've got deplaning down to a tee. So is this the "perfect" way to get everyone off an airplane? The art of disembarking. Vadeboncoeur, who has been an air steward at WestJet for the past 12 years -- she loves "almost every minute of it", she says -- explains that air crew don't get training on how to deplane.
Airlines seem hesitant to get involved. American Airlines told CNN Travel , "we don't have a perspective to offer on this," while British Airways declined to comment for this story. As a result, the crew tends not to interfere unless some passengers have tight connections and need to disembark before others, or if there are children, elderly people or disabled passengers who need assistance.
But the passengers Vadeboncoeur filmed on the WestJet charter flight are nothing if not orderly, deplaning one at a time, row by row. They might get up and get their bags when the flight first lands but they always sit back down again, says Vadeboncoeur. That's what frequent flier Johnny "Jet" DiScala recommends. To test that everything operates smoothly, tests include several take-offs with all engines operating and with simulated engine failures, and the autopilot behaviour during automatic landings and go-arounds aborted landings is also checked.
Wind tunnels, meanwhile, allow manufacturers to test all phases of flight — including extreme conditions. The facility allows Boeing to simulate many kinds of rain, ice and cloud conditions that aeroplanes might encounter. One of the most cutting-edge ways of testing modern planes involves building the guts of the aircraft on the ground and then testing these systems digitally. The simulation uses high tech full aircraft system layouts on the ground called Iron Birds.
Engineers also carry out ultrasound tests on where the wing meets the fuselage; it allows to look inside the material and find possible defects without having to take the plane apart. The wings are pulled up on a special rig until they crack under the strain Bombardier. Despite lightning strikes, traditional aluminium planes are usually able to continue their journey safely — the high electrical conductivity of aluminium can dissipate the electricity through the aircraft structure quickly without causing any damage.
These materials, however, need to be protected against lightning strike. It is usually done by adding a thin layer of metal mesh or foil.
The problem, though, is that it adds weight. Discharges can be up to , amps — enough to power a small town. At Boeing, there are two different systems to test for lightning.
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